How to face the effects of economic change in cities in decline?

By Juan Carlos Santa Cruz Grau

In a context of restructuring of the global economic system, since decades cities has been assigned an essential role as the engine of economy and social change. This supposed function has been theorized in many different ways, for instance, by the urban regeneretion (Roberts & Sykes 2000), the redevelopment (Fox Gotham 2011) or the local development (Atkinson 2022). Whatever the form it takes, the growth tends to occur where local economies has been able to renew the economic base, after the de-localization and closure of industrial activities (Vicari Haddock 2004).

Many questions stay open. What happened in the backward areas? How to face the effects of economic change in cities in decline? Contexts that are articulated, in some way, in the “shadow” of the great economic processes taking place globally and that are perceived as a kind of “ballast” for the most vibrant and advances zones. For example, some ex- industrial and mining areas in Western Europe and the United States, or many ex-industrial cities in Eastern Europe.

Facing a global economic recession, in situations of long term stagnation or heavy decline, how could the local government influenced the effects of economic changes? One big problem in this way is, while stagnation is the result of overall economic changes (at the global and local level), their local effects are affected by local policies. Because the implementation of local policies could influence these effects, modifying, aggravating or mitigating them.

Another problem is, the biggest transformation in cities are linked to economic cycles, although these correlations are not linear, mechanical and their effects often appear contradictory. These effects do not occur immediately, but asynchronously and depend on contextual factors, often not considered by the predective models of urban planning.

One of the keys to face the current international situation, is to reflect and try to answer these questions, looking for creative and alternative ways to get out of the trap of decline. Understanding that: a) in the context of structural adjustment many cities and regions will have not a great resource availability; b) each specific situation must be addressed considering the particularities of each context.

Fotos:

1.- Berlin: Postdamer Platz. 2010. By Juan Carlos Santa Cruz G.
2.- Taranto: antigua granja productora aceite destruida para dar espacio a la siderurgica ILVA. 2010. By Juan Carlos Santa Cruz G.